中国印尼能源论坛--中国的能源政策和技术
一、中国的能源政策
中国是世界第二大能源生产国和消费国，政府对能源问题非常重视。今年3月刚刚通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》描绘了未来5年我国经济社会的发展蓝图，确定了中国能源发展的基本政策。概括地讲，包括以下几个方面：
一是节约优先。中国高度重视节约能源，坚持开源与节流并重，并把节约放在首位，在节能方面取得了明显进展。2005年万元国内生产总值能耗比1990年下降45%。我们将依靠科技进步，发挥市场机制和经济杠杆的作用，增强节约能源的能力，全面促进能源节约和高效利用。
二是立足国内。多年来，我们一次能源自给率一直保持在90%以上。考虑到自身资源特点以及维护国际能源市场稳定的责任，中国能源发展将立足国内。作为以煤为主的国家，中国国内的能源供应有巨大的潜力。中国煤炭资源丰富，三分之二的水电资源尚未开发，核电、风力发电、太阳能以及生物质能的应用刚刚起步，燃料乙醇、甲醇、二甲醚以及煤炭液化等替代能源的发展前景广阔。
1 . China's Energy Policy
China is the second largest energy producer and consumer in the world and the Chinese government has attached great importance to energy issues. In the Outline of the 11th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of China adopted by the National People's Congress in March,2006, a blue print for China's economic and social development in the next five years, the basic national policy for China's energy development is clearly specified, which can be summerized as follows:
Firstly, energy conservation is made a top priority. By highly emphasizing the importance of energy conservation as a top priority in an effort to tap new sources of supply while reducing consumption, China has made remarkable progress in energy conservation. The energy consumption per RMB10,000 yuan of GDP declined by 45% in 2005 over 1990. We will further improve the capacities in energy conservation through scientific and technological progress as well as functions of market mechanism and economic leverage so as to substantially push forward the endeavor of conservation and efficiency improvement.
Secondly, the development will be based on domestic resource. For many years, the primary energy self-sufficiency rate has maintained at over 90%. With the characteristic of China's resource and the responsibilities of ensuring a stable international energy market taken into account, China's energy development will be based on domestic resource. As a coal-based economy, China enjoys huge potential in its domestic energy supply. In China, the coal resource is rich, two-thirds of the hydro-electricity resource is yet to be exploited, the applications of nuclear electricity, wind electricity generation, solar energy, and biomass energy have just begun, and there is a very positive prospect for developing alternative energy sources of fuel alcohol, methanol, dimethyl ether, and coal liquefaction.